![]() ![]() Extensive ionic bonding: from ion pairs to giant. Usually, ionic compounds held by ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals, like the lithium fluoride shown above. ![]() Ionic bonding is the electrostatic forces of attraction between positively-charged ions and negatively-charged ions. Yet, there is sufficient uniqueness of roles of key metallic ions in many specific host systems so that the balance could be tipped in favor of either host or the plague bacillus by subtle alteration of the metallic ion environment, specifically within an area endemic for the disease. This very force is the basis of ionic bonding. ![]() Se also plays a role in the defense mechanism of animals to certain diseases. The bactericidal power of serum as well as endotoxin components are affected by levels of Ca and Mg. The binding of these cations to the cell wall was influenced by the presence of various functional groups in the peptidoglycan matrix. The antimicrobial power of mammalian fluids is depressed by low levels of Fe and enhanced by an increase in the Fe binding capacity of a system. The metallic bond can be described as the attractive force present between negatively charged mobile electrons and positively charged metallic ions. The use of equilibrium dialysis techniques established that isolated cell walls of Bacillus subtilis possess selective affinities for several cations. The varied roles of metallic ions in host-plague interactions are quite similar to the structural and catalytic roles of such ions in free-living macro-and micro-organisms. There are observations that strongly suggest that the synthesis of specific factors of virulence in the plague bacillus ( Yersinia pestis) depend on the level of a specific metallic ion(s). ![]()
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